Research shows cattle form stable social bonds, often preferring particular companions, and they display measurable behavioural and physiological stress when separated from those partners.
Evidence and studies
Multiple observational and experimental studies in both dairy and beef herds have recorded that individual cows spend disproportionate time near specific herd‑mates, engage in reciprocal grooming, and synchronise activities with preferred partners. Scientists quantify these bonds using proximity data, grooming frequency and coordinated movement patterns observed over weeks to months.
Separation and stress responses
When bonded cows are separated, they commonly show clear signs of distress: increased vocalisation, pacing, reduced feeding, and elevated heart rate or cortisol levels in physiological measures. These responses indicate social separation is a real stressor with both behavioural and measurable bodily effects.
Welfare and management implications
Understanding social preferences has practical consequences for animal welfare and farm management. Keeping compatible pairs or stable social groups, minimising unnecessary separations, and designing handling and transport to reduce social disruption can lower stress, improve feed intake, and reduce injury and illness related to chronic stress.
Broader significance
These findings challenge simplistic views of cattle as merely production units and highlight their social complexity and emotional capacities. Acknowledging friendships among cows supports more humane husbandry practices and informs policy, enrichment strategies and public discussions about livestock care.